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Ancient & Classical
c. 600 BCE – 500 CE
Middle Ages
c. 500 – 1500
Early Modern
c. 1400 – 1800
Modern
c. 1750 – 1950
Contemporary
c. 1900 – present
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Movements & Schools
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⚖
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∞
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Mind
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Religion
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Social
All Philosophers
100 philosophers
A.J. Ayer
Positivism
A.J. Ayer
Positivism
1910–1989
Adi Shankara
Hindu / Vedic
Adi Shankara
Hindu / Vedic
788–820
Al-Farabi
Islamic
Al-Farabi
Islamic
872–950
Al-Ghazali
Sufism
Al-Ghazali
Sufism
1058–1111
Al-Kindī
Islamic
Al-Kindī
Islamic
c. 801–873
Alain Badiou
Marxism
Alain Badiou
Marxism
1937–
Alasdair MacIntyre
Analytic
Alasdair MacIntyre
Analytic
1929–
Albert Camus
Existentialism
Albert Camus
Existentialism
1913–1960
Aldous Huxley
Mysticism
Aldous Huxley
Mysticism
1894–1963
Alfred North Whitehead
Process Philosophy
Alfred North Whitehead
Process Philosophy
1861–1947
Alvin Plantinga
Analytic
Alvin Plantinga
Analytic
1932–
Amartya Sen
Analytic
Amartya Sen
Analytic
b. 1933
Anselm of Canterbury
Scholasticism
Anselm of Canterbury
Scholasticism
1033–1109
Aristotle
Peripatetic
Aristotle
Peripatetic
384–322 BC
Arthur Schopenhauer
Voluntarism
Arthur Schopenhauer
Voluntarism
1788–1860
Attar of Nishapur
Mysticism
Attar of Nishapur
Mysticism
c. 1145–c. 1221
Auguste Comte
Positivism
Auguste Comte
Positivism
1798–1857
Averroes
Islamic
Averroes
Islamic
1126–1198
Avicenna
Islamic
Avicenna
Islamic
980–1037
Ayn Rand
Objectivism
Ayn Rand
Objectivism
1905–1982
B.R. Ambedkar
Buddhism
B.R. Ambedkar
Buddhism
1891–1956
Baruch Spinoza
Rationalism
Baruch Spinoza
Rationalism
1632–1677
Bernard Williams
Analytic
Bernard Williams
Analytic
1929–2003
Bertrand Russell
Analytic
Bertrand Russell
Analytic
1872–1970
Blaise Pascal
Mysticism
Blaise Pascal
Mysticism
1623–1662
Boethius
Neoplatonism
Boethius
Neoplatonism
477–524
Carl Jung
Psychoanalysis
Carl Jung
Psychoanalysis
1875–1961
Chanakya
Hindu / Vedic
Chanakya
Hindu / Vedic
350–275 BC
Charles Hartshorne
Process Philosophy
Charles Hartshorne
Process Philosophy
1897–2000
Charles Sanders Peirce
Pragmatism
Charles Sanders Peirce
Pragmatism
1839–1914
Charles Taylor
Phenomenology
Charles Taylor
Phenomenology
1931–
Cicero
Stoicism
Cicero
Stoicism
106–43 BC
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Structuralism
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Structuralism
1908–2009
Confucius
Confucianism
Confucius
Confucianism
551–479 BC
Cornel West
Pragmatism
Cornel West
Pragmatism
b. 1953
Daniel Dennett
Analytic
Daniel Dennett
Analytic
1942–2024
David Hume
Empiricism
David Hume
Empiricism
1711–1776
Democritus
Atomism
Democritus
Atomism
460–370 BC
Denis Diderot
Enlightenment
Denis Diderot
Enlightenment
1713–1784
Diogenes
Cynicism
Diogenes
Cynicism
412–323 BC
Dōgen
Buddhism
Dōgen
Buddhism
1200–1253
Donald Davidson
Analytic
Donald Davidson
Analytic
1917–2003
Edith Stein
Phenomenology
Edith Stein
Phenomenology
1891–1942
Edmund Burke
Enlightenment
Edmund Burke
Enlightenment
1729–1797
Edmund Husserl
Phenomenology
Edmund Husserl
Phenomenology
1859–1938
Elizabeth Anscombe
Analytic
Elizabeth Anscombe
Analytic
1919–2001
Emanuel Swedenborg
Mysticism
Emanuel Swedenborg
Mysticism
1688–1772
Emmanuel Levinas
Phenomenology
Emmanuel Levinas
Phenomenology
1906–1995
Epictetus
Stoicism
Epictetus
Stoicism
50–135 AD
Epicurus
Epicureanism
Epicurus
Epicureanism
341–270 BC
Erasmus
Humanism
Erasmus
Humanism
1466–1536
Erich Fromm
Critical Theory
Erich Fromm
Critical Theory
1900–1980
Ernst Cassirer
German Idealism
Ernst Cassirer
German Idealism
1874–1945
F.H. Bradley
British Idealism
F.H. Bradley
British Idealism
1846–1924
Frances Power Cobbe
Feminism
Frances Power Cobbe
Feminism
1822–1904
Francis Bacon
Empiricism
Francis Bacon
Empiricism
1561–1626
Francisco Suárez
Scholasticism
Francisco Suárez
Scholasticism
1548–1617
Frantz Fanon
Critical Theory
Frantz Fanon
Critical Theory
1925–1961
Franz Brentano
Phenomenology
Franz Brentano
Phenomenology
1838–1917
Franz Rosenzweig
Jewish Philosophy
Franz Rosenzweig
Jewish Philosophy
1886–1929
Friedrich Nietzsche
Existentialism
Friedrich Nietzsche
Existentialism
1844–1900
Friedrich Schelling
German Idealism
Friedrich Schelling
German Idealism
1775–1854
Friedrich Schiller
German Idealism
Friedrich Schiller
German Idealism
1759–1805
Friedrich Schleiermacher
German Idealism
Friedrich Schleiermacher
German Idealism
1768–1834
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
German Idealism
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
German Idealism
1770–1831
George Berkeley
Empiricism
George Berkeley
Empiricism
1685–1753
George Edward Moore
Analytic
George Edward Moore
Analytic
1873–1958
George Santayana
Analytic
George Santayana
Analytic
1863–1952
Gilles Deleuze
Post-Structuralism
Gilles Deleuze
Post-Structuralism
1925–1995
Giordano Bruno
Hermeticism
Giordano Bruno
Hermeticism
1548–1600
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
Humanism
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
Humanism
1463–1494
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Rationalism
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Rationalism
1646–1716
Gottlob Frege
Analytic
Gottlob Frege
Analytic
1848–1925
Han Fei
Legalism
Han Fei
Legalism
280–233 BC
Hannah Arendt
Phenomenology
Hannah Arendt
Phenomenology
1906–1975
Hans-Georg Gadamer
Hermeneutics
Hans-Georg Gadamer
Hermeneutics
1900–2002
Henri Bergson
Process Philosophy
Henri Bergson
Process Philosophy
1859–1941
Henry Sidgwick
Utilitarianism
Henry Sidgwick
Utilitarianism
1838–1900
Heraclitus
Natural Philosophy
Heraclitus
Natural Philosophy
535–475 BC
Herbert Marcuse
Critical Theory
Herbert Marcuse
Critical Theory
1898–1979
Herbert Spencer
Positivism
Herbert Spencer
Positivism
1820–1903
Hilary Putnam
Analytic
Hilary Putnam
Analytic
1926–2016
Hōnen
Buddhism
Hōnen
Buddhism
1133–1212
Hypatia
Neoplatonism
Hypatia
Neoplatonism
360–415
Iamblichus
Neoplatonism
Iamblichus
Neoplatonism
c. 245–325
Ibn Khaldun
Islamic
Ibn Khaldun
Islamic
1332–1406
Immanuel Kant
German Idealism
Immanuel Kant
German Idealism
1724–1804
Isaac Luria
Kabbalah
Isaac Luria
Kabbalah
1534–1572
J.L. Austin
Analytic
J.L. Austin
Analytic
1911–1960
Jacques Derrida
Post-Structuralism
Jacques Derrida
Post-Structuralism
1930–2004
Jakob Böhme
Mysticism
Jakob Böhme
Mysticism
1575–1624
Jalal ad-Din Rumi
Mysticism
Jalal ad-Din Rumi
Mysticism
1207–1273
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Enlightenment
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Enlightenment
1712–1778
Jean-Paul Sartre
Existentialism
Jean-Paul Sartre
Existentialism
1905–1980
Jeremy Bentham
Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham
Utilitarianism
1748–1832
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
German Idealism
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
German Idealism
1762–1814
John B. Cobb
Process Philosophy
John B. Cobb
Process Philosophy
1925–
John Dewey
Pragmatism
John Dewey
Pragmatism
1859–1952
John Duns Scotus
Scholasticism
John Duns Scotus
Scholasticism
1266–1308
John Locke
Empiricism
John Locke
Empiricism
1632–1704
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